Emergency Medicine

Pulmonary embolism: Radiological features

" O.O  H.E.LP ! "

 

  • Oligemia of affected lung field
  • Opacities (wedge shaped; can be of any size & shape)
  • Hemidiaphragm elevation
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Large Pulmonary artery

 

 

4

Local signs of a traumatic spleen

"DOKS

  • Debelt's sign
  • O'Connel's sign
  • Kehr's sign
  • Saegesser's sign

 

Or, "SKODa"

 

 

O'Connel's sign: It is Kehr's sign elicited with patient in Trendelenburg position. As it is usually becomes positive before the Kehr's sign, it is at times recommended to elicit O'Connel's sign as well.
Kehr's sign: Pain in the left shoulder caused by irritation of the undersurface of the diaphragm by blood leaking from a ruptured spleen. The pain impulses are referred along the phrenic nerve.
Saegesser's sign: Compression of phrenic point (along the border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, 2-4 cm above the clavicle) causes sudden contraction of homolateral hemidiaphragm and severe pain along the lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle. It indicates a rupture or intracapsular bleeding of the spleen.
4

Failed intubation: Causes

  

    "INTUBATION"

3

Hypokalemia: causes

"BAD LOAD"

  • Barters/Conns syndrome(hyperaldosteronism)
  • Alkalosis
  • Diuretics
  • Laxative abuse
  • Other causes: insulin overdose
  • Acute glucose load
  • Diarrhoea

 

 

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